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SuperResolution Image Processing Lab.

Introduction of Section Three - Applications

2003.09.06 10:27

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Section Three

Applications




The desire to record scenes electronically is realized by CCD and CMOS imaging sensors. Since the invention of these devices, they have been used in a wide range of applications in daily life and scientific research : astronomical imaging, medical tomography, consumer appliances, broadcasting systems, etc. In this section, various application areas of CCD and CMOS imaging sensors are described.

In section 3.1, astronomical applications of imaging sensors are introduced. In astronomy, imaging sensors are first adopted to capture images of stars and galaxies through an astronomical telescope. Yadid-pecht et al. reported a CMOS active pixel sensor with a regional electronic shutter for star tracker applications(#50). Gregory et al. described the improvement in X-ray and astronomical CCD imagers(#51) and Pool et al. described developments in MOS CCDs for X-ray astronomy(#52). Groom reviewed the recent progress of CCD in the field of astronomical imaging(#53). He also introduced the large-format science-grade chips for use in optical and near IR astronomy(#54). Sirianni et al. reviewed the performances of CCD detectors for the Advanced Camera for Surveys(ACS), a third generation science instrument scheduled for installation into the Hubble Space Telescope(#55). Kroll and Fleischmann reported whole-sky patrol using a 7k*4k-CCD chip with a fish-eye lens(#56).

In section 3.2, CCD and CMOS imaging sensors for medical science application are investigated. High resolution images of X-ray, computed tomography(CT), and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are necessary for accurate diagnoses. Not only the resolution but the accuracy of images is an essential specification of medical imaging. To satisfy these demands, imaging sensors are used. Gambaccini et al. evaluated the modular transfer function of a phosphor-coated CCD for X-ray imaging(#57). Abdalla et al. presented an CMOS active pixel sensor circuit to be used X-ray sensors for intra oral dental X-ray imaging systems(#58). Doran et al. described the CCD-based optical CT scanner for high resolution 3D imaging(#59) and Evans et al. compared the imaging properties of CCD-based devices used for small field digital mammography(#60). Tsuzuki et al. evaluated the intraoral CCD camera for dental examination in forensic inspection(#61).

In section 3.3, the applications of imaging sensors for the consumer electronic applications such as digital cameras and digital camcorders are introduced. People want to record their daily life and special moments in still images or movie sequences. This can be realized with the evolution of solid state imaging sensors. Tabei et al. presented a new CCD architecture for building high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging sensors suitable for color digital still picture applications(#62). Tamayama et al. suggested a high-definition still image processing system using a new structure CCD sensor(#64) and Tanner et al. presented the design and realization of A low-power CMOS imaging sensor optimized for button-battery powered applications(#65). Bosiers et al. introduced a high-resolution frame-transfer CCD suitable for S-VHS camcorders with an additional full-resolution true electronic still picture(#63) and also presented the concept of frame-transfer CCD imagers designed for consumer digital cameras, explained the different mode of operation in detail(#66).

In section 3.4, various applications of CCD and CMOS imaging sensors to high-definition television(HDTV) are introduced. Recent progress in LSI technology has made it possible to produce imaging sensors that can be used in HDTV camera systems. Tanaka et al. developed a high-definition single chip CCD color camera(#67). This camera realized high resolution of more than 850 TV lines without color moire. Okano et al. proposed a design concept for compact HDTV cameras and made an experimental camera to verify this concept(#68). Sakakibara et al. developed a 1-inch format 1.5M pixel interline transfer CCD imaging sensor for an HDTV camera system(#69). To achieve a low smear ration while maintaining a high level of sensitivity, they adopted a new impurity profile of a buried P+ layer and an onchip microlens array.

In the final section(3.5), CCD and CMOS state imaging sensors used for detecting particle and X-ray imaging in physics are discussed. Mens et al. studied the spectral sensitivity of a thinned backside illuminated CCD(#70). Bautz et al. described some advances in response function measurement and modeling of X-ray CCD imaging sensors(#71). Pavlov and Nousek provided analytic expressions for the charge distribution over the pixels of the X-ray CCD detectors(#72). The detailed process of charge diffusion and drift within the device is critical to the detection of X-rays by CCDs. Hamaguchi et al. developed a CCD calibration system using fluorescent X-ray lines(#73). The paper of Claus et al. described the particle tracking using CMOS active pixel sensor(#74).


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